This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Conners, C. K. Articles by Sparrow, E. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Conners, C. K. Articles by Sparrow, E. Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Self-ratings of ADHD symptoms in adults I: Factor structure and normative data

D. Erhardt

J. N. Epstein

J. D.A. Parker

G. Sitarenios

E. Sparrow

Background: Although well-standardized behavior rating scales are routinely utilized in children for evaluations of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), comparable measures for adults with ADHD symptomatology have been sparse. Based on current literature and clinical experience, nine aspects of adult ADHD functioning provided initial hypotheses regarding factor structure and scale items for a new scale for self-rating of symptoms by adults suspected of having ADHD.

Method: A normative sample of 839 subjects and a clinical sample of 167 subjects completed ratings of an initial pool of 93 items.

Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a four-factor structure involving 42 items. These factors include Inattention/Cognitive Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability, and Problems with Self-Concept.

Conclusion: The scale appears to cover the core features of ADHD as seen in children and adolescents, while adding content unique to adult expression of the ADHD syndrome. The new scale (Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, or CAARS) may provide a useful dimensional measurement system for research and clinical applications.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Dong Hun Lee, T. Oakland, G. Jackson, and J. Glutting Estimated Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Among College Freshmen: Gender, Race, and Rater Effects J Learn Disabil, July 1, 2008; 41(4): 371 - 384. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K. A. Belendiuk, T. L. Clarke, A. M. Chronis, and V. L. Raggi Assessing the Concordance of Measures Used to Diagnose Adult ADHD J Atten Disord, February 1, 2007; 10(3): 276 - 287. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. Weyandt, B. Hays, and S. Schepman The Construct Validity of the Internal Restlessness Scale Assessment for Effective Intervention, January 1, 2005; 30(3): 53 - 63. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. L. Weyandt, W. Iwaszuk, K. Fulton, M. Ollerton, N. Beatty, H. Fouts, S. Schepman, and C. Greenlaw The Internal Restlessness Scale: Performance of College Students With and Without ADHD J Learn Disabil, August 1, 2003; 36(4): 382 - 389. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. R. Parker and K. B. Benedict Assessment and Intervention: Promoting Successful Transitions for College Students with ADHD Assessment for Effective Intervention, January 1, 2002; 27(3): 3 - 24. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. M. Mehringer, K.K. Downey, L. M. Schuh, C.S. Pomerleau, S. M. Snedecor, and H. Schubiner The Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention: Development and preliminary validation of a brief self- assessment of adult ADHD J Atten Disord, January 1, 2001; 5(4): 223 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]