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This version was published on January 1, 2008
Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 11, No. 4, 459-469 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1087054707305314

Medications Do Not Necessarily Normalize Cognition in ADHD Patients

C. Thomas Gualtieri

North Carolina Neuropsychiatry Clinics, Chapel Hill and Charlotte, tg{at}ncneuropsych.com

Lynda G. Johnson

North Carolina Neuropsychiatry Clinics, Chapel Hill and Charlotte

Objective: Although ADHD medications are effective for the behavioral components of the disorder, little information exists concerning their effects on cognition, especially in community samples. Method: A cross-sectional study of ADHD patients treated with three different ADHD drugs was conducted. Patients' performance on a computerized neurocognitive screening battery was compared to untreated ADHD patients and normal controls (NML). A total of 177 ADHD patients aged 10 to 18, achieved a favorable response to one of the following medications: Adderall XR (AMP), atomoxetine (ATMX), and Concerta (MPH-OROS) compared to 95 untreated ADHD patients and 101 NML. Results: Significant differences were detected between normals and untreated ADHD patients. Treated patients performed better than untreated patients but remained significantly impaired compared to normal subjects. Conclusion: Even with optimal treatment, based on parents' and teachers' opinions, subtle and not-so-subtle neurocognitive impairments persisted in the ADHD patients. Some ADHD patients may require additional educational assistance, even in the face of successful medication treatment. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 11(4) 459-469)

Key Words: ADHD • cognition • amphetamine • methylphenidate • atomoxetine


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