SAGE Journals Online
Advertisement
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Advertisement

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Journal of Attention Disorders
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Almeida Montes, L. G.
Right arrow Articles by Ricardo-Garcell, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Almeida Montes, L. G.
Right arrow Articles by Ricardo-Garcell, J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

ADHD Prevalence in Adult Outpatients With Nonpsychotic Psychiatric Illnesses

Luis Guillermo Almeida Montes

Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental, S.E.S.E.Q./Instituto de Nerurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, almeidal{at}prodigy.net.mx

Ana Olivia Hernández García

Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental, S.E.S.E.Q.

Josefina Ricardo-Garcell

Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente M./Instituto de Nerurobiología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Objective: The prevalence of ADHD in the general adult population has been estimated to be about 4.4%. However, few studies exist in which the prevalence of ADHD in psychiatric adult outpatient samples has been estimated. These studies suggest that the prevalence is higher than in the general population. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in a psychiatric nonpsychotic adult outpatient sample and to compare this data with the prevalence of a group of nonclinical participants. Method: The structured clinical interview Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.-Plus) was applied to 161 consecutive nonpsychotic psychiatric adult outpatients and to 149 healthy participants from the community. In addition, clinical rating scales were applied to measure the severity of general psychopathology such as mania, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and alcohol consumption in both groups. Results: The prevalence of ADHD in psychiatric nonpsychotic adult outpatients was 16.80% and 5.37% in nonclinical participants. In male psychiatric outpatients the prevalence of ADHD was 8.5% and for females was 21.6%. Conclusion: This study concludes that a higher prevalence of ADHD exists in psychiatric nonpsychotic adult outpatients compared with nonclinical participants. In the psychiatric adult outpatients, females showed a higher prevalence of ADHD than males. Implications and limitations are discussed. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(2) 150-156)

Key Words: ADHD • adults • prevalence • psychiatric outpatients

References

  • Allen, J.P., Litten, R.Z., Fertig, J.B., & Babor, T. (1997). A review of research on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 21(4), 613-619.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Almeida, L.G., Friederichsen, A., Hernández, A.O., De la Peña, F.R., Rodríguez, R.A., & Cortés, J. (2006). Construction, validity, and reliability of the screening scale FASCT for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults (self reported and observer version). Actas Psiquiátricas Españolas, 34, 231-238.
  • Alpert, J.E., Maddocks, A., Nierenberg, A.A., O'Sullivan, R., Pava, J.A., Worthington, J.J., 3rd, et al. (1996). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood among adults with major depression. Psychiatric Research, 62(3), 213-219.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Barkley, R.A., Murphy, K.R., & Kwasnik, D. (1996). Motor vehicle driving competencies and risks in teens and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 98(6 Pt. 1), 1089-1095.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Biederman, J. (1998). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A lifespan perspective. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl.7),4-16.
  • Biederman, J. (2005). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A selective overview. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1215-1220.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Milberger, J., & Guite, J. (1996). A prospective 4-year follow-up study of attention deficit hyperactivity and related disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(5), 437-446.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Monuteaux, M., Spencer, T.J., Wilens, T., Bober, M., et al. (2004). Gender effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited. Biological Psychiatry, 55(7), 692-700.
  • Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Spencer, T.J., Wilens, T., Norman, D., Lapey, K.A., et al. (1993). Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, cognition, and psychosocial functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(12), 1792-1798.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Biederman, J., Mick, E., & Faraone, S.V. (2000). Age dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact of remission definition and symptom type. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(5), 816-818.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Biederman, J., Wilens, T., Mick, E., Milberger, S., Spencer, T.J., & Faraone, S.V. (1995). Psychoactive substance use disorder in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Effects of ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(11), 1652-1658.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Bresnahan, S.M., Anderson, J.W., & Barry, R.J. (1999). Age related changes in quantitative EEG in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 46(12), 1690-1697.
  • Castellanos, X., Lee, P.P., Sharp, W., Jeffries, N.O., Blumenthal, J.D., Greenstein, D.K., et al. (2002). Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 228(14), 1740-1748.
  • Dalsgaard, S., Mortensen, P.B., Frydenberg, M., & Thomsen, P. (2002). Conduct problems, gender and adult psychiatric outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 416-421.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Derogatis, L.R., Lipman, R.S., & Covi, L. (1973). The SCL-90: An outpatient psychiatric rating scale. Psychopharmacological Bulletin, 9(1), 13-28.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ernst, M., Kimes, A.S., London, E.D., Matochik, J.A., Eldreth, D., Tata, S., et al. (2003). Neural substrates of decision making in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 60(6), 1061-1070.
  • Gittelman, R., Mannuza, S., & Shenker, R. (1985). Hyperactive boys almost grown up. I. Psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42(10), 937-947.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50-55.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62.[Free Full Text]
  • Helgeland, M.I., Kjelsberg, E., & Torgersen, S. (2005).Continuities between emotional and disruptive behavior disorders in adolescence and personality disorders in adulthood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1), 1941-1947.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Hill, J.C., & Schoener, E.P. (1996). Age dependent decline of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(9), 1143-1147.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Kennemer, K., & Goldstein, S. (2005). Incidence of ADHD in adults with severe mental health problems. Applied Neuropsychology, 12(2), 77-82.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Kessler, R.C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C.K., Demler, O., et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716-723.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lomas, B., & Gartside, P. (1999). ADHD in adult psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatric Services, 50(5), 705.[Free Full Text]
  • Mannuzza, S., Klein, R.G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & La Padula, M. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys: Educational achievement, occupational rank and psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(7), 565-576.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Mannuzza, S., Klein, R.G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & La Padula, M. (1998). Adult psychiatric status of hyperactive boys grown up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(4), 493-498.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • McGough, J.J., Smalley, S.L., McCracken, J.T., Yang, M., Del'Homme, M., Lynn, D.E., et al. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Findings from multiplex families. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(9), 1621-1627.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • ie, M., & Rund, R.B. (1999). Neuropsychological deficit in adolescent-onset schizophrenia compared with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 56(8), 1216-1222.
  • Paterson, R., Douglas, C., Hallmayer, J., Hagan, M., & Krupenia, Z. (1999). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dexamphetamine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33(4), 494-502.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rapaport, M.H., Clary, C., Fayyad, R., & Endicott, J. (2005). Quality of life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), 1171-1178.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Rosler, M., Retz, W., Retz-Junginger, P., Hengesch, G., Schneider, M., Supprian, T., et al. (2004). Prevalence of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disorders in young male prison inmates. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 254(6), 365-371.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., Steve, C.R., Williams, S., et al. (1999). Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: A study with functional MRI. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(6), 891-896.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Saunders, J.B., Aasland, O.G., Babor, T.F., dela Fuente, J.R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project of early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption, II. Addiction, 88(6), 791-804.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Shaffer, D. (1994). Attention deficit disorder hyperactivity disorder in adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(5), 633-638.[Free Full Text]
  • Sheehan, D.V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K.H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., et al. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl. 20), 22-33.
  • Spencer, T.J., Biederman, J., Wilens, T., Prince, J., Hatch, M., Jones, J.H., et al. (1998). Effectiveness and tolerability of tomoxetine in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(5), 693-695.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Weiss, G., Hechtman, L., Howard, A., Rachel, K., Chara, R., Joan, K., et al. (2004). Academic achievement and emotional status of children with ADHD treated with long-term methylphenidate and multimodal psychosocial treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(7), 812-819.[CrossRef]
  • Young, R.C., Biggs, J.T., Ziegler, V.E., & Meyer, D.A. (1978). A rating scale for mania: Reliability, validity, and sensibility. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 429-435.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 11, No. 2, 150-156 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1087054707304428
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Br. J. PsychiatryHome page
V. Simon, P. Czobor, S. Balint, A. Meszaros, and I. Bitter
Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis
The British Journal of Psychiatry, March 1, 2009; 194(3): 204 - 211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Almeida Montes, L. G.
Right arrow Articles by Ricardo-Garcell, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Almeida Montes, L. G.
Right arrow Articles by Ricardo-Garcell, J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Advertisement