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Journal of Attention Disorders
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*Anxiety
*Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
*Bullying
*Depression
*Learning Disorders
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Effects of Comorbid ADHD with Learning Disabilities on Anxiety, Depression, and Aggression in Adults

J.A. McGillivray

Deakin University, Victoria, Australia, mcgill{at}deakin.edu.au

K.L. Baker

Deakin University, Victoria, Australia

Objective: ADHD and learning disabilities (LD) frequently coexist and there are indications that comorbidity may increase the risk of psychopathology. Method: The current study examined the gender distribution and frequency of comorbidity and its impact on the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and aggression in a clinic sample of 80 adults with ADHD, aged 18 to 58 years. More individuals were diagnosed with ADHD+LD than ADHD only, with no difference in this distribution according to gender. Results: A factorial multivariate analysis of variance indicated that females with ADHD+LD displayed more cognitive depression than females with ADHD only and than males with ADHD+LD and ADHD only. However,individuals with ADHD only and individuals with ADHD+LD did not differ on overall anxiety, depression or aggression. Likewise, males and females did not differ on measures of psychopathology. Conclusion: This study lays the foundation for continued research into the characteristics and comorbidities of adults with ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 12(6) 525-531 )

Key Words: ADHD • learning disabilities • comorbidity • depression • adults

This version was published on May 1, 2009

Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 12, No. 6, 525-531 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1087054708320438
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